NOSQL

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Use Apache HBase  for random, real-time read/write access to your Big Data.

USE Apache Cassandra for scalability and high availability without compromising performance.

Oder data base: Accumulo, Amazon SimpleDB, Cloud Data, HPCC, Flink, Splice.

Machin Learning

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Statistics and plots, and Hadoop Python/C++/R/Java base

Use SVM for gradient decent, convex optimization, lagrange, quadratic programming, partial differential equations and alike.

UNIX tool designed for this: cat, grep, find, awk, sed, sort, cut, tr, and more.